Suchergebnisse

This study developed a consumption-based emissions inventory (CBEI) for the City and County of San Francisco, California from 1990 to 2015. CBEIs allocate all greenhouse gas emissions throughout product and service supply chains to final demand, namely households and governments. We find that average household carbon footprints in San Francisco decreased by 17% over the 25-year study period, and were 21% lower than the national average by 2015. Low rates of motor vehicle usage, small home (building) size, small household size, high prevalence of renters, population density, moderate climate, and relatively lowcarbon electricity all contributed to lower consumption-based emissions. These factors outweighed the countervailing effects of income and education, which tend to increase consumption and associated carbon footprints. Despite progress at reducing emissions on a per household basis, on aggregate, the total city-wide CBEI was only 2% lower in 2015 compared to 1990 levels. This reality reflects population pressures and the challenge of reducing emissions that depend on global supply chains. Traditional GHG inventories tend to neglect the effect of consumer demand on supply chain emissions, thus underestimating a city's total impact. San Francisco's CBEI is 2.5 times larger than the city's traditional, more limited inventory. Tracking of full consumption-based inventories over time should aid in the development of new targets, policies, programs, incentives, and communications based on the unique opportunities for responsible production and consumption within San Francisco.

"Bureaucratic Politics and Organizational Process Models" published on by Oxford University Press.

Securing congressional approval to kill the procurement & development of a weapons system is not an easy task. Nonetheless Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld attempted to do just that in canceling the Crusader, the U.S. Army's next-generation mobile artillery system. Who should ultimately determine the army's weapons requirements -- the professionals in uniform, Congress, or civilians in the Office of the Secretary of Defense?

In October 1999 the U.S. Senate rejected ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, to which President Bill Clinton had been the first signatory. In the highest profile Senate rejection of a negotiated treaty since the Treaty of Versailles, opponents of the CTBT were able to outmaneuver its advocates by setting a political trap for its congressional supporters & the administration.

No nation has maintained such an immense stature in world politics as the United States has since the Cold War's end. In the wake of the 9/11 attacks, prompting the global war on terrorism and the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, along with American economic and "soft power" primacy, there has been increased interest in and scrutiny of American foreign policy. The Routledge Handbook of American Foreign Policy brings together leading experts in the field to examine current trends in the way scholars study the history and theories of American conduct in the world, analysis of state and non-state actors and their tools in conducting policy, and the dynamics of a variety of pressing transnational challenges facing the United States. This volume provides a systematic overview of all aspects of American foreign policy and drives the agenda for further, cutting edge research. Contributors bring analytic depth and breadth to both the ways in which this subject is approached and the substance of policy formulation and process. The Handbook is an invaluable resource to students, researchers, scholars, and journalists trying to make sense of the broader debates in international relations